I guess when you do it for years and extensively the police might knock on your door one day.
My experience has been that studios track torrents (or hire some merc company to do it for them) then pout to your ISP when they catch you (I've heard they look at seeders harder than downloaders) then the ISP sends you a nastygram to stop it or else they can cut off your service and whatnot and maaaaybe the content owner will sue you - much more likely to happen with new first-run movies and TV. It's almost always a civil matter and not likely to get you thrown in prison or anything
Our ISP has made us read about and take a test on copyright infringement before we could resume using the internet several times because we were caught uploading some movie or another. (It's because we downloaded stuff via torrent, but the torrent client automatically uploads what you're downloading and that's what you get in trouble for, I think)
theoretically, but not actually.
As long as Trump can use HBO's intellectual property of GOT for decorating his Twitter messages, I see no justification in going after Jane Doe and John Doe and ruin their respective lives when they copy some music as a soundtrack for their private YouTube video. Copyright with regard to books, music, movies, creative arts etc. is just a legal weapon to maximise greed, if it were a right it would be applied without bias and with sense, in the current form it is an unjust bigotry. Thanks Trump for having this made clear to us.
They used to be a lot worse but affected very few people. Now they're limited to censorship but affect everyone.
Back when Napster and file sharing in general was widely used to distribute pirated content, the music and movie industries liked making examples out of people they caught by suing them till they were destitute and had to pay back wage garnishments for life.
These days congress passed a bunch of copyright laws that allow them to essentially claim infringement on anything on the web then either block access or seize their domain. They've taken down all of my stream sites, MP3 sites, lots of blocked foreign domains that all offered the same services. So that's the extent of it.
I've also used emuparadise for YEARS to download ROMs and emulators. Now they've taken down their entire library of ROMs because greedy ass Nintendo started selling retro game machines for $90. I rarely torrent anymore its gotten so bad, ISP's will straight up ban you from their service if caught enough times and they're a monopoly so you can't get internet from anyone else.
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